Good afternoon.

No climate change, global warming and only 1 Nature paper – not mine.

Start with acknowledgements…

Apologise to many who have seen it.

Coccolithophore bloom

- south of Iceland

- June 1991

Currents clearly stirring the phytoplankton

Clearly not acting equally in all directions

- lots of stretching

- filaments

Is a diffusing blob realistic then?

Rephrase question

Apologies to most who will have seen it

GO THROUGH

Are we throwing away the important part?

Depends on question

How much phyto?

structure may not matter

Structure -> stability (Steele Nature 1974)

not magnitude but phase important

There may be deeper problem in our theories

- based on old theories of turbulence

To get an idea of the problem facing observationalists

Frontal simulation

embedded ecosystem

2 phytoplankton

building on SAS work

looking down on ocean

point out front

eddy

subducted feature

biological response to upwelling significantly

varies over 5days

Primary production similar structure

And now bad news…

UNSURPRISINGLY

MORE STRUCTURE IN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

Should we even be trying to sample this structure?

Desperate need for modelling and theory to help.

Survey of eddy from PRIME cruise

June 1996

DESCRIBE HORIZONTAL VELOCITY

streamlines

anticyclonic

velocity vectors

max ~65 cm/s

WOBBLY

Vertical currents induced by wobbling

VERTICAL VELOCITY

scale CONTOURS 5m/d solid UP

reason for alignment

How can we survey on sufficiently fine scale?

Associated temporal problem if we do

- not synoptic