Geological data, geophysics and modelling of the mantle

Introduction & Motivation

	Dynamic Earth
	- most prominent observations:
	-Earth quakes
	-Volcanos
	Very  hard to get any data

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"Reason --> moving plates"

	Reason --> moving plates

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"Geochemical/geological"

	Geochemical/geological  observations
	- collect samples at mid-ocean ridges & volcanos
	--> compare with:
	- composition of chondrites
	- each other
	-> strength is the temporal resolution
	-> weakness in the spatial domain
	Being treated in separate lecture.

Geophysical Observations

"How to proceed:"

	How to proceed:
	Gather information about the convective regime i.e. material properties, boundary conditions, e.t.c.
	=> have a model of convection in the Earth mantle and understand the mixing properties
	=> feed information derived from the geochemical investigations back into the model and try to refine it until it fullfills geochemical constrains
	=> the SUPER-MODEL

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Geophysical Observations

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Hotspots:

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Seismic evidence for a mantle plume

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Wavefront healing:

What todo ??

origin unclear,
very hard to see using seismic,
not in fluid-dynamical models

Concluding from seismology:

Paleomagnetism:

Estimating the parameters for convection:

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Material parameters from experiments

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Concluding