"Convection is THE important transport
mechanism in geophysical
systems
"for moderate heat differences systems
exhibit a stationary
flow
"depending on the magnitude of the
Prandtl number the
flows are becoming time-dependent
"for low-Pr. flow the velocity fields
have a strong toroidal
component
"effect like volumetric heating break
the symmetry between
up- and down-wellings
"most geophysical flows are in a
regime where the flows
are chaotic