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Convection is
THE important transport mechanism in
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geophysical
systems
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for moderate heat
differences systems exhibit a
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stationary flow
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depending on the
magnitude of the Prandtl number
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the flows are
becoming time-dependent
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for low-Pr. flow
the velocity fields have a strong
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toroidal
component
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effect like
volumetric heating break the symmetry
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between up- and
down-wellings
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most geophysical
flows are in a regime where the
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flows are chaotic
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